Preface

A. Introduction

B. Principles of the Technique

C. Preparing and Mounting Samples

D. Experimental Procedure

E. Data Interpretation

F. How to Use this Handbook

1

H

1.0079

 

2

He

4.0026

3

Li

6.940

4

Be

9.0122

 

5

B

10.810

6

C

12.011

7

N

14.007

8

O

15.999

9

F

18.998

10

Ne

20.180

11

Na

22.990

12

Mg

24.305

 

13

Al

26.982

14

Si

28.085

15

P

30.974

16

S

32.060

17

Cl

35.450

18

Ar

39.948

19

K

39.098

20

Ca

40.078

 

21

Sc

44.956

22

Ti

48.867

23

V

50.942

24

Cr

51.996

25

Mn

54.938

26

Fe

55.845

27

Co

58.933

28

Ni

58.693

29

Cu

63.546

30

Zn

65.380

31

Ga

69.723

32

Ge

72.63

33

As

74.922

34

Se

78.960

35

Br

79.904

36

Kr

83.798

37

Rb

85.468

38

Sr

87.62

 

39

Y

88.906

40

Zr

91.224

41

Nb

92.906

42

Mo

95.96

43

Tc

97.91

44

Ru

101.07

45

Rh

102.9

46

Pd

106.42

47

Ag

107.87

48

Cd

112.41

49

In

114.82

50

Sn

118.71

51

Sb

121.76

52

Te

127.60

53

I

126.90

54

Xe

131.29

55

Cs

132.91

56

Ba

137.33

57

La

138.91

58

Ce

140.12

59

Pr

140.91

60

Nd

144.24

61

Pm

144.91

62

Sm

150.36

63

Eu

151.96

64

Gd

157.25

65

Tb

158.93

66

Dy

162.50

67

Ho

164.93

68

Er

167.26

69

Tm

168.93

70

Yb

173.05

71

Lu

174.97

72

Hf

178.49

73

Ta

180.95

74

W

183.84

75

Re

186.21

76

Os

190.23

77

Ir

192.22

78

Pt

195.08

79

Au

196.97

80

Hg

200.59

81

Tl

204.38

82

Pb

207.20

83

Bi

208.98

84

Po

209

85

At

209.99

86

Rn

222.02

87

Fr

223.02

88

Ra

226.03

89

Ac

227.03

90

Th

232.04

91

Pa

231.04

92

U

238.03

93

Np

237.05

94

Pu

244.06

95

Am

243.06

96

Cm

247.07

97

Bk

247.07

98

Cf

251.08

99

Es

252.08

100

Fm

257.10

101

Md

258.10

102

No

259.10

103

Lr

262.11

104

Rf

265.12

105

Db

268.13

106

Sg

271.13

107

Bh

270

108

Hs

277.15

109

Mt

276.15

110

Ds

281.16

111

Rg

280.17

112

Cn

285.17

113

Uut

284.18

114

Fl

289.19

115

Uup

288.19

116

Lv

293

117

Uus

294

118

Uuo

294

1

H

1.0079

 

2

He

4.0026

3

Li

6.940

4

Be

9.0122

 

5

B

10.810

6

C

12.011

7

N

14.007

8

O

15.999

9

F

18.998

10

Ne

20.180

11

Na

22.990

12

Mg

24.305

 

13

Al

26.982

14

Si

28.085

15

P

30.974

16

S

32.060

17

Cl

35.450

18

Ar

39.948

19

K

39.098

20

Ca

40.078

21

Sc

44.956

22

Ti

48.867

23

V

50.942

24

Cr

51.996

25

Mn

54.938

26

Fe

55.845

27

Co

58.933

28

Ni

58.693

29

Cu

63.546

30

Zn

65.380

31

Ga

69.723

32

Ge

72.63

33

As

74.922

34

Se

78.960

35

Br

79.904

36

Kr

83.798

37

Rb

85.468

38

Sr

87.62

39

Y

88.906

40

Zr

91.224

41

Nb

92.906

42

Mo

95.96

43

Tc

97.91

44

Ru

101.07

45

Rh

102.9

46

Pd

106.42

47

Ag

107.87

48

Cd

112.41

49

In

114.82

50

Sn

118.71

51

Sb

121.76

52

Te

127.60

53

I

126.90

54

Xe

131.29

55

Cs

132.91

56

Ba

137.33

71

Lu

174.97

72

Hf

178.49

73

Ta

180.95

74

W

183.84

75

Re

186.21

76

Os

190.23

77

Ir

192.22

78

Pt

195.08

79

Au

196.97

80

Hg

200.59

81

Tl

204.38

82

Pb

207.20

83

Bi

208.98

84

Po

209

85

At

209.99

86

Rn

222.02

87

Fr

223.02

88

Ra

226.03

103

Lr

262.11

104

Rf

265.12

105

Db

268.13

106

Sg

271.13

107

Bh

270

108

Hs

277.15

109

Mt

276.15

110

Ds

281.16

111

Rg

280.17

112

Cn

285.17

113

Uut

284.18

114

Fl

289.19

115

Uup

288.19

116

Lv

293

117

Uus

294

118

Uuo

294

 
 

57

La

138.91

58

Ce

140.12

59

Pr

140.91

60

Nd

144.24

61

Pm

144.91

62

Sm

150.36

63

Eu

151.96

64

Gd

157.25

65

Tb

158.93

66

Dy

162.50

67

Ho

164.93

68

Er

167.26

69

Tm

168.93

70

Yb

173.05

 
 

89

Ac

227.03

90

Th

232.04

91

Pa

231.04

92

U

238.03

93

Np

237.05

94

Pu

244.06

95

Am

243.06

96

Cm

247.07

97

Bk

247.07

98

Cf

251.08

99

Es

252.08

100

Fm

257.10

101

Md

258.10

102

No

259.10

 
 

1

H

1.0079

 

2

He

4.0026

 
 

3

Li

6.940

4

Be

9.0122

5

B

10.810

6

C

12.011

7

N

14.007

8

O

15.999

9

F

18.998

10

Ne

20.180

 
 

11

Na

22.990

12

Mg

24.305

13

Al

26.982

14

Si

28.085

15

P

30.974

16

S

32.060

17

Cl

35.450

18

Ar

39.948

 
 

19

K

39.098

20

Ca

40.078

31

Ga

69.723

32

Ge

72.63

33

As

74.922

34

Se

78.960

35

Br

79.904

36

Kr

83.798

 
 

37

Rb

85.468

38

Sr

87.62

49

In

114.82

50

Sn

118.71

51

Sb

121.76

52

Te

127.60

53

I

126.90

54

Xe

131.29

 
 

55

Cs

132.91

56

Ba

137.33

81

Tl

204.38

82

Pb

207.20

83

Bi

208.98

84

Po

209

85

At

209.99

86

Rn

222.02

 
 
 

21

Sc

44.956

22

Ti

48.867

23

V

50.942

24

Cr

51.996

25

Mn

54.938

26

Fe

55.845

27

Co

58.933

28

Ni

58.693

29

Cu

63.546

30

Zn

65.380

 
 

39

Y

88.906

40

Zr

91.224

41

Nb

92.906

42

Mo

95.96

43

Tc

97.91

44

Ru

101.07

45

Rh

102.9

46

Pd

106.42

47

Ag

107.87

48

Cd

112.41

 
 

71

Lu

174.97

72

Hf

178.49

73

Ta

180.95

74

W

183.84

75

Re

186.21

76

Os

190.23

77

Ir

192.22

78

Pt

195.08

79

Au

196.97

80

Hg

200.59

 
 

57

La

138.91

58

Ce

140.12

59

Pr

140.91

60

Nd

144.24

61

Pm

144.91

62

Sm

150.36

63

Eu

151.96

64

Gd

157.25

65

Tb

158.93

66

Dy

162.50

67

Ho

164.93

68

Er

167.26

69

Tm

168.93

70

Yb

173.05

89

Ac

227.03

90

Th

232.04

91

Pa

231.04

92

U

238.03

93

Np

237.05

94

Pu

244.06

95

Am

243.06

96

Cm

247.07

97

Bk

247.07

98

Cf

251.08

99

Es

252.08

100

Fm

257.10

101

Md

258.10

102

No

259.10

 

1

H

1.0079

 

2

He

4.0026

 
 

3

Li

6.940

4

Be

9.0122

5

B

10.810

6

C

12.011

7

N

14.007

8

O

15.999

9

F

18.998

10

Ne

20.180

 
 

11

Na

22.990

12

Mg

24.305

13

Al

26.982

14

Si

28.085

15

P

30.974

16

S

32.060

17

Cl

35.450

18

Ar

39.948

 
 

19

K

39.098

20

Ca

40.078

31

Ga

69.723

32

Ge

72.63

33

As

74.922

34

Se

78.960

35

Br

79.904

36

Kr

83.798

 
 

37

Rb

85.468

38

Sr

87.62

49

In

114.82

50

Sn

118.71

51

Sb

121.76

52

Te

127.60

53

I

126.90

54

Xe

131.29

 
 

55

Cs

132.91

56

Ba

137.33

81

Tl

204.38

82

Pb

207.20

83

Bi

208.98

84

Po

209

85

At

209.99

86

Rn

222.02

 
 

21

Sc

44.956

22

Ti

48.867

23

V

50.942

24

Cr

51.996

25

Mn

54.938

26

Fe

55.845

27

Co

58.933

28

Ni

58.693

29

Cu

63.546

30

Zn

65.380

39

Y

88.906

40

Zr

91.224

41

Nb

92.906

42

Mo

95.96

43

Tc

97.91

44

Ru

101.07

45

Rh

102.9

46

Pd

106.42

47

Ag

107.87

48

Cd

112.41

71

Lu

174.97

72

Hf

178.49

73

Ta

180.95

74

W

183.84

75

Re

186.21

76

Os

190.23

77

Ir

192.22

78

Pt

195.08

79

Au

196.97

80

Hg

200.59

 
 

57

La

138.91

58

Ce

140.12

59

Pr

140.91

60

Nd

144.24

61

Pm

144.91

62

Sm

150.36

63

Eu

151.96

 
 

64

Gd

157.25

65

Tb

158.93

66

Dy

162.50

67

Ho

164.93

68

Er

167.26

69

Tm

168.93

70

Yb

173.05

 
 
 

89

Ac

227.03

90

Th

232.04

91

Pa

231.04

92

U

238.03

93

Np

237.05

94

Pu

244.06

95

Am

243.06

 

1

H

1.0079

 

2

He

4.0026

3

Li

6.940

4

Be

9.0122

5

B

10.810

6

C

12.011

7

N

14.007

8

O

15.999

9

F

18.998

10

Ne

20.180

11

Na

22.990

12

Mg

24.305

13

Al

26.982

14

Si

28.085

15

P

30.974

16

S

32.060

17

Cl

35.450

18

Ar

39.948

19

K

39.098

20

Ca

40.078

31

Ga

69.723

32

Ge

72.63

33

As

74.922

34

Se

78.960

35

Br

79.904

36

Kr

83.798

37

Rb

85.468

38

Sr

87.62

49

In

114.82

50

Sn

118.71

51

Sb

121.76

52

Te

127.60

53

I

126.90

54

Xe

131.29

55

Cs

132.91

56

Ba

137.33

81

Tl

204.38

82

Pb

207.20

83

Bi

208.98

84

Po

209

85

At

209.99

86

Rn

222.02

 
 

21

Sc

44.956

22

Ti

48.867

23

V

50.942

24

Cr

51.996

25

Mn

54.938

 
 

26

Fe

55.845

27

Co

58.933

28

Ni

58.693

29

Cu

63.546

30

Zn

65.380

 
 
 

39

Y

88.906

40

Zr

91.224

41

Nb

92.906

42

Mo

95.96

43

Tc

97.91

 
 

44

Ru

101.07

45

Rh

102.9

46

Pd

106.42

47

Ag

107.87

48

Cd

112.41

 
 
 

71

Lu

174.97

72

Hf

178.49

73

Ta

180.95

74

W

183.84

75

Re

186.21

 
 

76

Os

190.23

77

Ir

192.22

78

Pt

195.08

79

Au

196.97

80

Hg

200.59

 
 
 

57

La

138.91

58

Ce

140.12

59

Pr

140.91

60

Nd

144.24

61

Pm

144.91

62

Sm

150.36

63

Eu

151.96

 

64

Gd

157.25

65

Tb

158.93

66

Dy

162.50

67

Ho

164.93

68

Er

167.26

69

Tm

168.93

70

Yb

173.05

 
 

89

Ac

227.03

90

Th

232.04

91

Pa

231.04

92

U

238.03

93

Np

237.05

94

Pu

244.06

95

Am

243.06

Appendix A. Auger Parameters

Appendix B. Chemical States Tables

Appendix C. Chemical States Tables Refs

Appendix D. Valance Band Spectra

Appendix E. Sensitivity factors at 90°

Appendix F. Sensitivity factors at 54.7°

Appendix G. Line Positions for Al Kα

Appendix H. Line Positions for Mg Kα

Appendix J. Line Positions in Numerical Order

Appendix K. Periodic Table

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